Georgia State

33 00 'N 83 30' W / 33, -83.5

Georgia (En) State of Georgia
Flag	Seal
Georgia Map with red.
Nickname Peach State, Empire State of the South, Goober State in French : "The State of Fisheries, The Empire State of the South, The State of the Peanut"
Currency Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation
Administration
Country	United States
Capital	Atlanta
Governor	Nathan Deal (R)
Union membership	January 2, 1788 (4th state)
Geography
Area	154 077 km 2 ( 24th )
- Land	150 132 km 2
- Water (%)	3 945 km 2 (2.6%)
Altitude
- Max	1458 m, Brasstown Bald
- Average	180 m
- Minimal	0 m
Latitude	30 31 'N to 35 N 370 km
Longitude	81 W 85 53 'W 480 km
Demography
Population (2008)	9,685,744 inhab. ( 9th )
Density	54.59 inhabitants / km
Largest city	Atlanta
Language (s) Official	English
Politics
Senators	Saxby Chambliss (R) Johnny Isakson (R)
Number of Representatives	13
Other information
ISO 3166-2	US-GA
Time Zone	-5
Official site	www.georgia.gov
change

Georgia in English) is a State of the South of the United States , bordered on the west by Alabama , on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina , east by South Carolina and Atlantic Ocean and south through Florida. Its capital is Atlanta.

Summary 1 Origin of name 2 History 3 Geography 3.1 Main watercourses 3.2 Principal cities 3.3 Major cities 3.4 Sub-divisions 4 Demographics 5 Economy 6 Transportation 7 Policy 7.1 Presidential Elections 7.2 Local Policy 7.3 Representation Federal 8 Culture 8.1 Sport 9 Notes and references 10 See also 10.1 Related Articles 2.10 External Links

Origin of name

The name comes from the Georgian name of King George II of England (George Augustus, King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1683 to 1760).

History

Main article: Flag of Georgia (USA)

The local culture of Mound Builders , described by Hernando de Soto in 1540 , has completely disappeared in 1560.

The conflict between Spain and England began in 1670 when the British founded the colony of Carolina, in South Carolina today. Almost a century earlier, the Huguenots had tried to install a colony, Fort Caroline , and the Spaniards had founded the Missionaries of provinces and Guale Moilama on the coast of the region. After decades of fighting, the inhabitants, aided by the Indians , destroy the system of missions during the invasion of 1702 and 1704. After that date, Spain has lost control of the St. Augustine and Pensacola , but Florida also suffered raids thereafter. The coast of Georgia is occupied by Native Americans until the region was depopulated during the War of Yamasse in in 1715 - 1 716 , after which we saw the possibility of opening a British colony.

With the establishment of the City of Savannah in 1733 , the Province of Georgia was created by the British to counter the expansionist Spanish from Florida . His name is a tribute to King George II of Great Britain . At that time, slavery was forbidden until 1749 . In 1775, has approximately 35 000 inhabitants . Between 1765 and 1769, lands were offered to thirteen settlers on the islands of Cumberland, who will become plantations.

Subsequently, Georgia became one of the thirteen colonies to revolt against the British during the Revolutionary War. It is the fourth State of the Union on 2 January 1788.

Georgia import many slaves from different African ethnic groups for its plantations of rice and cotton. The slaves of the same ethnic group will be separated, which will facilitate the penetration of English, Christianized and renamed. These are most often transported by slave traders English and French major maritime powers at the time.

In 1790 the colony had 29,264 slaves and in 1793 the assembly passed a law prohibiting their importation, but it was not until 1798 for it to take effect with the passage of a State constitution. The law is ignored by the planters, and in 1800, the state has 59,699 slaves. Their number will double again in the next decade to reach 105,218 in 1810 . Nearly 48,000 of them are imported from Africa during this period, and other plantations of the Chesapeake , in Virginia. Slaves are 140 656 in 1820 and 280 944 in 1840 and 462,000 in 1860.

1790	1800	1810	1820	1840	1860
29 200	59 700	105 000	141 000	281 000	462 000

Cotton production has been multiplied by 20 between 1791 and 1801 in Georgia , from 2 to 48 million pounds , thanks to a new variety grown on the island of Sapelo, Sea Island cotton and the invention of Eli Whitney in 1793.

Whitney is developing a machine to sort the cotton fibers from seeds, in Chatham County , along the Savannah River. Cotton growers, first settled on Sapelo Island and the archipelago of Beaufort in South Carolina will migrate during the years 1790 and 1800 up the river Savannah to the town of Augusta and the Ocmulgee River to Fort Benjamin Hawkins , the name of Colonel Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1816), built in 1806 to hold back Indian Creek on an urban site which became in 1823 the city of Macon , named after the man State of South Carolina Nathaniel Macon.

The fort was used during the War of 1812 frontier settlers for fighters against the Indians and British. Amerindians Creek Reserve lying west are encouraged to be transformed into cotton growers and are exposed to increasing pressure from white cotton growers who want to buy them back their land . Several dozen white families live from this time around montfort . In 1823, lottery results in the distribution of land and then in ten years to install 3,000 families producing 69 000 bales of cotton, in what became the city of Macon .

A lottery was opened in 1805 in Morgan County , which has in 1820 a population of 13,000 inhabitants including 6000 blacks .

By 1820, 80% of slaves in Georgia live in the interior, also called highland, and eight of these counties highlands have majority black population , in a vast movement of population comparable to what happens at the same time with the Alabama fever. Of 1790, the share of blacks in the population moves from third to two thirds.

On 18 January 1861 the state joined the Confederacy and plays an important role during the Civil War. In December 1864 the industrial and rail center of Atlanta is completely destroyed by the army Yankee General William Tecumseh Sherman. His troops pillaged the countryside between Atlanta and the port city of Savannah , they take Savannah just before Christmas 1864. On 15 July 1870 , Georgia is the last State of the Southern Confederacy to reenter the Union. It is occupied by federal troops until 1877.

Geography

Covering an area of 152,577 sq km, Georgia has a population of 9.5 million inhabitants according to the latest estimates of 2007. It is the largest state in the country east of the river Mississippi. The Upstate is served by the chain of the Appalachians , south and east, meanwhile, the coastal plain. The state has a humid subtropical climate.

Major rivers

Numerous rivers cross the Georgia include:

• the Savannah , which marks the border between Georgia and South Carolina
• the Ogeechee and its main tributary the Canoochee
• the Altamaha and its three major tributaries: the Ohoopee , the Ocmulgee and Oconee
• the Satilla
• the St. Marys which marks the border between Georgia and Florida
• the Suwannee and its main tributaries the Alapaha and Withlacoochee
• tributaries of the river Apalachicola : The Chattahoochee and Flint
• River Coosa and its many tributaries including the Etowah and Oostanaula
• rivers Hiwassee and Little Tennessee , tributaries of the river Tennessee

Major cities

According to the latest estimates from the Census Bureau United States (2008), the twelve most populous municipalities are:

Major cities

According to 2008 estimates, the eleven most populous cities are:

• Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, 5,376,285 inhabitants (ninth urban area of the United States, ahead of Boston)
• Augusta 534 218 h.
• Savannah 334 353 h.
• Columbus 287 653 h.
• Macon, 230 777 h.
• Athens, 189 264 h.
• Gainesville, 184 814 h.
• Albany 164 919 h.
• Dalton, 134 043 h.
• Valdosta 133 348 h.
• Warner Robins, 133 161 h.

Sub-divisions

Georgia is divided into 159 counties.
See list of counties in the State of Georgia

Demographics

Population growth in Georgia has been very active since the 1960s, particularly in Metro Atlanta. According to estimates by the Census Bureau United States , the population of Georgia in 2007 was 9.5 million (compared with 8.1 million inhabitants. when the official census of 2000). Georgia is now the ninth most populous state in the United States.

Economy

Transportation

Politics

Bastion of the Democratic Party for over a hundred years, Georgia has started voting for Republicans nationally from the 1960s before becoming one of its strongholds national and local in the 2000s.

Presidential elections

Presidential election results

Year	Republican	Democrat
2008	52.20%	47.00% 1,844,137
2004	57.97%	41.37% 1,366,149
2000	54.67%	42.98% 1,116,230
1996	47.01%	45.84% 1,053,849
1992	42,88% 995.252	43.47%
1988	59.75%	39.50% 714.792
1984	60.17%	39.79% 706.628
1980	40.95% 654.168	55.76%
1976	32.96% 483.743	66.74%
1972	75.04%	24.65% 289.529
1968 *	30.40% 380.111	26.75% 334.440
1964	54.12%	41.15% 522.557
1960	37.43% 274.472	62.54%
1956	32.65% 216.652	66.48%
1952	30.34% 198.979	69.66%
1948	18.31% 76.691	60.81%
1944	18.25% 59.880	81.74%
1940	14.83% 46.360	84.85%
1936	12.60% 36.942	87.10%
1932	7.77% 19.863	91.60%
* State won by George Wallace of the American Independent Party , with 42.83%, or 535,550 votes

From 1824 to the Civil War , Georgia is a state that practices the alternation between the Democrats and Whigs. From 1848 , he anchored in the democratic camp and the presidential election of 1860 makes its votes to John Breckinridge , the candidate pro-Southern Democratic candidate before the constitutional union, John Bell and to the Democratic candidate pro-union, Stephen Douglas (the candidacy of Republican Abraham Lincoln was not given the voters of Georgia). Until 1960 , Georgia is politically totally committed to the Democrats. The Republican party, that Lincoln is considered the party of the victors of the Civil War and the Yankees.

In the first elections after the war, in 1868 , the Democratic candidate Horatio Seymour won 64.27% of the vote against President Ulysses Grant while all the Confederates have not yet recovered their right to vote. In the early 20th century, Democrats crush Republicans getting 79.51% of the vote in 1916 ( Woodrow Wilson ), or 91.60% of the vote in 1932 ( Franklin Roosevelt ). During that time, Georgia is a state where segregationist rule the Ku Klux Klan and the Dixiecrats.

The laws on civil rights in the 1960s are beginning to engage the preponderance Democrat. In 1964 , Barry Goldwater was the first Republican to win Georgia (54.12%) against President Lyndon Johnson (45.87%) white voters who are paying the civil rights legislation in Congress voted with the extra yet decisive Republicans.

In 1968 , George Wallace , the segregationist candidate wins Georgia Democrat facing Republican Richard Nixon (30.40%) and face the Democrat Hubert Humphrey (26.75%). In 1972 , Richard Nixon won Georgia (75.04%) while in 1976 , Jimmy Carter , Democratic governor of the state, is elected President of the United States supported Georgia.

Since 1984 , all the Republican candidates have won Georgia with the exception of the year 1992 when Democrat Bill Clinton won with 43.47% of the vote against the Republican president George HW Bush (42.88%) and against the populist candidate Ross Perot (13.34%).

Local Politics

From 1872 to 2002 , for 130 years, voters in the state of Georgia that have elected Democratic Governors and majority Democrats in the Assembly of Georgia. Like many former southern states, Georgia has experienced a one-party rule for a hundred years. White voters saw then the Republican Party as the party of Yankees, a foreign party values northerners whose election victory in 1860 had led the country to the Civil War , the abolition of slavery and the defeat of south.

The Southern Democrats, segregation and / or populations were then called "Southern Democrats" (or Dixiecrats to the most conservative) and differed from the national Democratic Party to more centrist agenda.

The state governor, elected for 4 years, is now the Republican Nathan Deal , the Republican 2DN to hold this position since 1872. He succeeded in January 2011 to Sonny Perdue , ¹ Republican governor elected governor of Georgia in 130 years.

The lieutenant governor, elected for four years, is the Republican Casey Cagle. All elected positions of the executive (attorney, treasurer, secretary of state ...), when the legislature 2011-2013, are held by Republicans.

Both chambers of the General Assembly of Georgia are dominated since 2002 by the Republicans. The senate of 56 members elected for 2 years and is dominated by 36 Republicans and the House of Representatives of 180 members elected for 2 years is dominated by 113 Republicans in the legislature 2011-2013.

Federal Representation

At the federal level, the two senators are both Republicans: Saxby Chambliss (elected in 2002 against incumbent Democrat Max Cleland and reelected in 2008) and Johnny Isakson (elected in 2004, backed by outgoing Democrat Zell Miller in 2010 and reelected ).

The 13 elected members of the State to the Federal House of Representatives are seven Republicans and six Democrats.

Culture

Georgia was the birthplace of many great names of cinema as Kim Basinger , Julia Roberts , Laurence Fishburne , Spike Lee , Steven Soderbergh or Hulk Hogan or Dakota Fanning. Like music with Ray Charles , REM , and Outkast , Lil Jon , Jagged Edge , TI , Ciara and many emerging artists like " Dirty South ". But Georgia is primarily the home state of Martin Luther King.

Ray Charles had refused to come back and play Georgia in the 1960s, due to the segregation that prevailed then took his revenge when Georgia adopted as the official anthem of State (state song) his song Georgia on my mind.

Sport

• Atlanta Hawks ( NBA )
• Atlanta Thrashers ( a href = "Ligue_nationale_de_hockey" alt = "NHL"> NHL)
• Atlanta Falcons ( NFL )
• Atlanta Braves ( MLB )

References

See also

Related articles

• Border between Georgia and Tennessee
• French refugees from Santo Domingo America
• History of cotton

External Links

• (En) Website
• (In) tourism site of Georgia
• Benjamin Hawkins (1754-1816) on the website of the New Georgia Encyclopedia
• (In) Acadian Ancestral Home (a directory on the history of the Acadians deported to Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina )

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