Wright Brothers
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Brothers Orville Wright ( 19 August 1871 - 30 January 1948 ) and Wilbur Wright ( 16 April 1867 - 30 May 1912 ), nicknamed are American pioneers of aviation, both researchers History The Wright brothers were from Dayton in the Ohio , where they have a shop bicycles. In connection with Octave Chanute , they realize a glider in 1899 reduced-scale cell type (biplanes), and major innovation, with a control warping of the wing. This aircraft was test flown as a kite, "driven" from the ground. From the beginning, the Wright brothers realized the importance and need for control (the control) of the machine, just like riding a bike. In 1900, they produced a larger sailplane (5.30 m wide), capable of carrying a pilot. This aircraft is tried first kite, then drove for the first time October 20, 1900. These tests soaring lead changes: For better glide, the scale is increased to 6.70 m. To study the profile that is suitable for the lift of the wings, they built the first wind tunnel in their workshop in 1901. Further tests in 1901 showed the need to further increase the size (9.75 m) and install a stabilizer and a rudder, positioned at the rear to control the balance when cornering. With this modified glider , they manage to control the flight path of their glider and perform in 1902 about seven hundred glides, with a length of 150 to 200 meters . Although it is rarely pointed out, the "controllability" This aircraft is in fact the major breakthrough of the Wright brothers to the beginnings of aviation. Able to design a flying machine and controlling the steering, so they attack the problem of propulsion and build in their own workshop engine and propellers. Their first powered flight takes place at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina on 17 December 1903 , on the device named Flyer. The following year, with a new device also difficult to control, the Flyer II , they manage to make turns. Orville Wright makes September 20 the first flight in closed circuit history. The first trials are not satisfactory, but after focusing for several months, success happens: The Flyer III of 1905 flies better and makes a record flight of 39 minutes. Aware of their success and to protect the rights to their invention, the Wright brothers have invited any journalist or witness to attest the reality of controlled powered flight, and do not communicate plans, or photographs. In 1906 and 1907, the Wright brothers are engaged in managing their business, and no flight is completed, pending the granting of a patent. This discretion, voluntarily maintained by the Wright brothers, will make a lot of good faith can doubt the real capacity of the Wright Flyer and will thereafter proceed to flight qualification requirements when soliciting customers to sell their invention. Through contacts with U.S. Air Force in 1908, they will be able to show their skills with a more powerful, and Tandem. Orville carries demonstrations increasingly spectacular site of Fort Myer ( Virginia ), carrying a passenger several times. An incident (breaking a propeller) will have a tragic consequence: September 17, 1908 his plane crashes, the passenger, Thomas Etholen Selfridge , was killed and Orville was badly injured. At the same time, contracted with the General Company for Air Navigation Lazare Weiller , a license agreement on the Flyer subject to performance and training of 3 drivers. Wilbur flew a Model A in France and installed at Le Mans since 15 June, flew from August 1908, including the Mulsanne straight. The Flyer flew to Hunaudires August 8 in the presence of a hundred people including Louis Bleriot and Rene Gasnier , members of the Aero Club of France ) and Auvours Camp , near Le Mans where it is hosted by brothers Amedeo and Leon Bollee. Among those attending flight: Paul Cornu and pontoon Amcourt , inventors of the helicopter , Simon Lake , inventor of the submarine , etc.. In October, it will be noted in assisting aviators Henri Farman , Leon Delagrange , Robert Esnault-Pelterie , Rene Gasnier. The Wright brothers have also made one of their first flight in camp Auvours to Champagn ( Sarthe ). The airman Ernest Zens will be the first guest of French Camp Wilbur Wright Auvours (September 15, 1908). Tissandier Paul , present at Le Mans for three weeks, will be his companion on the 28 following: "This is really n 'not believe it, "he says. Critics of the Wright brothers (...) opinion would change immediately if they could (...) like me just now, fly away in this wonderful craft. " In July in Turin, Therese Peltier is the first woman to have taken place on an airplane, the Voisin biplane Leon Delagrange. Two French student pilots began training on the Flyer in autumn 1908 at the Camp of Auvours with Wilbur Wright: It was the Count Charles de Lambert and Capt. Lucas-Girardville 's Park aerostatic of Chalais - Meudon. On Jan. 1, American aviator began his preparations for departure, the Flyer will be dismantled and shipped to Pau. Joined by Orville convalescing after his accident in Fort Myers, he resumed his demonstrations in January 1909 in Pau, where they lay the foundations of the flight school . In early 1909, Pau-Long Bridge , the pilot will complete the formation of American Paul Tissandier , this in turn will take its first students April 10: The balloonist and aviator Ren Gasnier , of Angers , who gets his Aviator Wings 8 March 1910. Finally, December 31, 1908, Wilbur Wright flew one last time Auvours for 2:20 minutes and 23 seconds, covering a distance of 124.7 miles and won the Michelin Cup. She was taken by Mr. Bonvillain of Path in Auvours. After further demonstrations in Italy, the brothers return to the United States in May 1909 and founded the Wright Company. Wilbur Wright died of typhoid in 1912 In 1915, Orville sold the Wright Company, founded in 1909 to investors in New York. It later merged with the Glenn L. Martin Company to form Wright-Martin. She currently remains in the Curtiss-Wright Corporation. Orville Wright was the recipient of the Franklin Medal in 1933. He died in 1948. In memory of these two pioneers of aviation, Disney called Wilbur and Orville albatross two cartoons The Adventures of Bernard and Bianca and Bernard and Bianca in the land of kangaroos. In collaboration with City of Kitty Hawk , a city where the Wright brothers made their first flight, the city of Coulaines has built a replica of the hangar which was used in the manufacture of the Flyer for the first centenary of the first flight of the latter. This hangar located on the sports site of the town is now skating club. They appear in the film " Around the World in 80 Days "by Frank Coraci. 
Gliders of 1901 and 1902
The Flyer
The Flyer II
The Flyer III
The Model A Flyer
Demonstrations in the U.S.
Demonstrations in France
Spectators and competitors
Passenger
Driving School
Records
The first photo in an airplane
The Wright Company
Trivia
See also
External link
References
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